Childhood respiratory infection and adult chronic bronchitis in England and Wales
نویسنده
چکیده
that of Dr Toon and colleagues, show a much higher isolation rate of organisms (table). We found no difference in contraceptive habit or smoking habit between these groups. We agree that many of these isolates can be regarded as normal lower genital tract commensals, but we regard Chlamydia trachomatis, Trichomonas vaginalis, and gardnerella as pathogenic organisms. Recent data from Dundee' and Gateshead2 indicate that many women with mildly atypical findings on cervical cytology have cervical intraepithelial neoplasia requiring treatment. Nevertheless, colposcopic facilities are not infinite and it should be remembered that some women with inflammatory smears will have a microbiological infection, which may respond to simple antimicrobial therapy without the need for colposcopic examination. S A WALKINSHAW Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Princess Mary Maternity Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 3BD A D G ROBERTS Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester JAMESW CORDINER Western Infirmary, Glasgow
منابع مشابه
Childhood respiratory infection and adult chronic bronchitis in England and Wales.
The high mortality from chronic bronchitis in England and Wales and the excess of urban over rural mortality are unexplained. On dividing England and Wales into 212 local authority areas a strong geographical relation was found between death rates from chronic bronchitis and emphysema in 1959-78 and infant mortality from bronchitis and pneumonia during 1921-5. It was concluded that this relatio...
متن کاملRisk of death from cardiovascular disease and chronic bronchitis determined by place of birth in England and Wales.
STUDY OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to examine the relation between place of birth within England and Wales and cause of death. DESIGN The study was a population survey using data provided by the Office of Population Censuses and Surveys which, for a trial period between 1969 and 1972, coded place of birth on death certificates. SETTING The survey involved almost 2 million people who d...
متن کاملUrban and social origins of childhood bronchitis in England and Wales.
A survey of respiratory disease in over 10,000 children aged 6 to 10 years living in contrasting urban and rural areas of England and Wales showed pronounced social class gradient in the frequency of chronic cough, history of bronchitis, and also in disease of ears and nose. A consistent rise in the frequency of chest conditions with increasing local levels of air pollution was clearly seen onl...
متن کاملThe maternal and fetal origins of cardiovascular disease.
1 Bradford Hill A. The environment and disease: association or causation? Proc R Soc Med 1965; 58: 295-300. 2 Forsdahl A. Are poor living conditions in childhood and adolescence an important risk factor for arteriosclerotic heart disease? Br J Prev Soc Med 1977; 31: 91-5. 3 Williams DRR, Roberts SJ, Davies TW. Deaths from ischaemic heart disease and infant mortality in England and Wales. J Epid...
متن کاملLung function of farmers in England and Wales.
A study was performed to compare respiratory symptoms and lung function measurements in a sample of male farmers and farmworkers in different regions of England and Wales with the results obtained in a similar number of control men working in industries in the same areas. A total of 428 farmers and farmworkers drawn from 146 farms were studied. The prevalence of symptoms of chronic bronchitis a...
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